◆ 英语学习话题 12 — 礼仪与文化差异 Etiquette and cultural differences
◇ 记忆话题单词：
1. etiquette [ˈetɪket] n. 礼仪；礼节
2. custom [ˈkʌstəm] n. 习俗；风俗
3. culture [ˈkʌltʃə(r)] n. 文化
4. difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 差异
5. tradition [trəˈdɪʃn] n. 传统
6. habit [ˈhæbɪt] n. 习惯
7. manners [ˈmænəz] n. 礼貌；礼仪（常用复数）
8. greeting [ˈɡriːtɪŋ] n. 问候
9. gesture [ˈdʒestʃə(r)] n. 手势
10. taboo [təˈbuː] n. 禁忌
11. festival [ˈfestɪvl] n. 节日
12. religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] n. 宗教
13. food [fuːd] n. 食物
14. dress [dres] n. 服饰；v. 穿衣
15. protocol [ˈprəʊtəkɒl] n. 礼节；礼仪（尤指正式场合）
16. courtesy [ˈkɜːtəsi] n. 礼貌；谦恭
17. belief [bɪˈliːf] n. 信仰
18. value [ˈvæljuː] n. 价值观；v. 重视
19. symbol [ˈsɪmbl] n. 象征
20. behavior [bɪˈheɪvjə(r)] n. 行为（=behaviour）
◇ 诵读话题单词例句：
1. Proper etiquette in a formal dinner includes using the correct utensils and not speaking with a full mouth. →正式晚宴上的恰当礼仪包括使用正确的餐具以及嘴里塞满食物时不说话。
2. It’s a local custom to exchange red envelopes filled with money during the Lunar New Year. →农历新年期间交换装有钱的红包是当地的一种习俗。
3. Learning a country’s culture helps you understand its people’s way of thinking and behavior. →了解一个国家的文化有助于你理解其人民的思维方式和行为举止。
4. The difference in greeting styles between Eastern and Western countries reflects their cultural backgrounds. →东西方国家在问候方式上的差异反映了它们的文化背景。
5. Passing down folk stories from generation to generation is an important tradition in many communities. →一代又一代地传承民间故事是许多社区的一项重要传统。
6. It’s a good habit to remove your shoes before entering someone’s home in some Asian countries. →在一些亚洲国家，进别人家之前脱掉鞋子是一个好习惯。
7. Having good table manners, such as saying “please” and “thank you”, is appreciated in any society. →拥有良好的餐桌礼仪，比如多说 “请” 和 “谢谢”，在任何社会都会受到赞赏。
8. A warm smile and a handshake are common forms of greeting in many Western cultures. →在许多西方文化中，热情的微笑和握手是常见的问候方式。
9. Waving your hand to say goodbye is a universal gesture understood around the world. →挥手道别是一种全球通用的手势。
10. In some cultures, it’s a taboo to talk about someone’s age or income, as it’s considered impolite. →在一些文化中，谈论别人的年龄或收入是一种禁忌，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
11. The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese festival when families gather to eat mooncakes. →中秋节是中国的传统节日，届时家人们会团聚在一起吃月饼。
12. Many religion festivals have special rituals and foods that hold deep meaning for believers. →许多宗教节日都有对信徒来说意义深远的特殊仪式和食物。
13. Sharing food with guests is a way to show hospitality in most cultures around the world. →在世界上大多数文化中，与客人分享食物是表达好客的一种方式。
14. Wearing formal dress is required at important events like weddings or state dinners. →在婚礼或国宴等重要场合，要求穿着正式服饰。
15. Following diplomatic protocol is essential when heads of state meet to discuss international issues. →国家元首会面讨论国际问题时，遵循外交礼节至关重要。
16. Holding the door open for someone behind you is a small act of courtesy that goes a long way. →为身后的人扶门是一种小小的礼貌行为，却意义重大。
17. The belief in respecting elders is deeply rooted in many Asian cultures. →尊重长辈的信仰在许多亚洲文化中根深蒂固。
18. Honesty and kindness are core values that most societies encourage their members to uphold. →诚实和善良是大多数社会鼓励其成员秉持的核心价值观。
19. The dragon is a symbol of power and good fortune in Chinese culture. →龙在中国文化中是权力和好运的象征。
20. Maintaining quiet in libraries is a behavior that shows respect for others who are studying. →在图书馆保持安静是一种体现对其他学习者尊重的行为。
◇ 熟悉话题词块：
1. cultural differences 文化差异
2. follow etiquette 遵循礼仪
3. respect customs 尊重习俗
4. different traditions 不同传统
5. greeting manners 问候礼仪
6. body language 肢体语言
7. avoid taboos 避开禁忌
8. celebrate festivals 庆祝节日
9. dress appropriately 着装得体
10. table manners 餐桌礼仪
11. cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流
12. show courtesy 表示礼貌
13. adapt to 适应
14. learn about cultures 了解文化
15. pay attention to 注意
16. cultural symbols 文化象征
17. religious beliefs 宗教信仰
18. value differences 价值观差异
19. act politely 举止礼貌
20. cultural exchange 文化交流
◇ 诵读话题词块例句：
1. Cultural differences can sometimes lead to misunderstandings, but they also make the world more diverse and interesting. →文化差异有时会导致误解，但它们也让世界更加多样和有趣。
2. When visiting a foreign country, it’s important to follow etiquette such as removing shoes before entering someone’s home in some Asian cultures. →访问外国时，遵循礼仪很重要，比如在一些亚洲文化中，进入别人家之前要脱鞋。
3. Tourists should respect customs of the local people, like not taking photos of certain religious sites without permission. →游客应尊重当地人的习俗，比如未经允许不得拍摄某些宗教场所。
4. Different traditions around wedding ceremonies reflect the unique values of each culture. →婚礼仪式的不同传统反映了每种文化的独特价值观。
5. Greeting manners vary globally—while handshakes are common in the West, bowing is traditional in Japan. →问候礼仪在全球各不相同 — 西方常见握手，而日本则以鞠躬为传统。
6. Body language like eye contact can have different meanings; in some cultures, it shows respect, while in others, it may be seen as rude. →眼神交流等肢体语言可能有不同含义：在某些文化中，它表示尊重，而在另一些文化中，可能被视为无礼。
7. To avoid offending others, travelers should learn to avoid taboos such as discussing certain topics in specific cultures. →为避免冒犯他人，旅行者应学会避开禁忌，比如在特定文化中不讨论某些话题。
8. People around the world celebrate festivals in various ways, from Chinese New Year’s family gatherings to Christmas feasts. →世界各地的人们以不同方式庆祝节日，从中国新年的家庭聚会到圣诞节的盛宴。
9. When attending a formal event in another country, it’s crucial to dress appropriately, for example, wearing formal clothes for a traditional dinner. →在国外参加正式活动时，着装得体至关重要 — 比如参加传统晚宴时要穿正装。
10. Table manners differ across cultures: using chopsticks is standard in East Asia, while Western countries use knives and forks. →餐桌礼仪因文化而异：东亚普遍使用筷子，而西方国家则使用刀叉。
11. Cross-cultural communication requires patience and an open mind to bridge gaps between different ways of thinking. →跨文化交流需要耐心和开放的心态，以弥合不同思维方式之间的差距。
12. Offering a small gift when visiting someone’s home is a way to show courtesy in many cultures. →在许多文化中，拜访别人家时送小礼物是表示礼貌的方式。
13. It takes time to adapt to a new culture, but learning the local language and customs can speed up the process. →适应新文化需要时间，但学习当地语言和习俗可以加快这一过程。
14. Reading books or watching documentaries is a good way to learn about cultures from around the world. →读书或看纪录片是了解世界各地文化的好方法。
15. When interacting with people from other countries, we should pay attention to subtle cues in their speech and behavior. →与外国人交流时，我们应注意他们言语和行为中的细微暗示。
16. Dragons are cultural symbols of power and good luck in China, but they may represent evil in some Western stories. →龙在中国是权力和好运的文化象征，但在一些西方故事中可能代表邪恶。
17. Religious beliefs often shape a culture’s traditions, such as dietary restrictions or holiday observances. →宗教信仰常常影响文化传统，比如饮食禁忌或节日庆祝方式。
18. Value differences can be seen in how societies prioritize family, individualism, or collective harmony. →价值观差异体现在社会对家庭、个人主义或集体和谐的不同重视程度上。
19. Even if you don’t understand a culture fully, it’s important to act politely and show respect for local norms. →即使你不完全了解一种文化，举止礼貌并尊重当地规范也很重要。
20. Cultural exchange programs help young people from different countries learn from each other and build global friendships. →文化交流项目帮助各国年轻人相互学习，建立国际友谊。
◇ 朗读话题短文 (单词数 293)
Understanding Cultural Etiquette
In our globalized world, understanding etiquette and custom from different cultures is more important than ever. Cultural differences exist in almost every aspect of life, from daily behavior to special celebrations, and respecting these differences helps build better cross-cultural connections.
Greeting manners vary greatly around the world. In some countries, people shake hands when meeting, while others prefer bowing or hugging—these gestures are important parts of local etiquette. Learning about these greeting customs helps avoid misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication. For example, using the right body language shows respect for others’ culture.
Festivals and traditions also reflect unique cultural values. When we celebrate festivals with people from different backgrounds, we should follow etiquette specific to their culture. For instance, some cultures have special food or dress traditions during festivals, and dressing appropriately and respecting these practices shows courtesy.
Table manners are another area with notable cultural differences. What is polite in one culture might be a taboo in another—like using chopsticks correctly in Asian cultures or not talking with food in your mouth in Western cultures. We need to pay attention to these details to act politely and avoid offending others.
Religious beliefs and values shape many cultural practices. It’s important to respect religious customs, even if they are different from our own. Cultural symbols, such as certain colors or animals, often carry special meanings, and learning about them helps us understand the beliefs behind a culture.
Engaging in cultural exchange allows us to learn about diverse traditions and habits. By showing respect for customs, adapting to new environments, and valuing value differences, we can build bridges between cultures. Ultimately, good etiquette in cross-cultural interactions comes from a willingness to learn, respect, and appreciate the richness of human culture.
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